Who can be termed a 'relative' under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act?

Under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), the term 'relative' is defined broadly to include not only blood relatives but also extended family members connected by marriage or adoption. This inclusive definition is significant as it recognizes the diverse nature of familial relationships within Native American communities, where family ties can extend beyond conventional definitions of blood relations.

Extended family members may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other kin, which aligns with the Act's intent to maintain family connections for Indian children, ensuring that they can be placed with individuals who have a significant familial or cultural bond to them. This approach also supports the preservation of cultural identity and community connectivity, which are crucial in the context of child welfare among Indigenous populations.

The other options are too restrictive and don’t encompass the full range of relationships that the ICWA seeks to protect and uphold. This broad definition helps to uphold the rights and cultural integrity of Indigenous children and families in the child welfare system.